All the bodies of my pens are created from wood, acrylic, and items encased in acrylic (pine cones, alligator jaw bones, stamps, labels). Th e material is drilled according to the type and style of pen I am creating. Brass tubes are glued inside to give the body strength. Each piece is then turned on a lathe, using hand tools, to the shape and size I want. The material is then sanded, and the wood is finished with a nine-step sanding and polishing process. Acrylics are sanded and buffed. These finishing processes give the body a mirrored shine. The platings of my work are all wear resistant. Titanium gold, Platinum Rhodium and 22k gold. All are refillable.